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in 2021 we touched down on mars then

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reached new heights on the red planet we

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also made progress preparing for a

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flight test around the moon and we had a

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very busy year in low earth orbit

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exploring other deep space destinations

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addressing climate change here on our

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home planet testing technologies for

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next generation aircraft and much more

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here's a look back at those and other

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things we did this year at nasa

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there were plenty of developments in

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2021 with existing and future missions

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designed to explore our solar system and

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beyond

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the perseverance rover landed on mars in

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february and later collected its first

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rock core sample which could be

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retrieved and returned to earth by a

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future mission

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while the ingenuity helicopter a

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technology demonstration on that mission

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became the first aircraft to make a

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powered controlled flight on another

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planet

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we completed testing of the james webb

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space telescope and sent it to its

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launch site in french guiana the wide

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array of science missions we sent to

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space included the first mission to

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study the polarization of x-rays the

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first spacecraft to visit jupiter's

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trojan asteroids and our first planetary

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defense test mission

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our chandra x-ray observatory may have

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detected signs of a planet crossing in

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front of a star outside of our milky way

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galaxy for the first time

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while our parker solar probe provided

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surprising views of venus during a close

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flyby and became the first spacecraft in

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history to touch the sun flying through

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and sampling the environment in the

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sun's upper atmosphere and the

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transiting exoplanet survey satellite or

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tess helped discover a trio of hot

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worlds larger than earth orbiting a much

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younger version of our sun

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some new but familiar faces took on

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leadership roles at the agency

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the biden harris administration chose

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former senator and space shuttle payload

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specialist bill nelson and former

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astronaut and space shuttle commander

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pam melroy as nasa's newest

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administrator and deputy administrator

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respectively

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some of our work in 2021 reflected the

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biden-harris administration's commitment

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to addressing climate change and its

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effect on our home planet something nasa

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is uniquely positioned to do

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we announced our earth system

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observatory a new set of missions to

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help guide efforts related to climate

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change disaster mitigation fighting

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forest fires and improving real-time

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agricultural processes and liftoff

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liftoff of an atlas 5 rocket and landsat

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9. we partnered with a u.s geological

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survey to launch the landsat 9 satellite

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built to continue the program's 50-year

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track record of monitoring the planet's

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changing landscapes

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several weeks later vice president

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kamala harris visited the agency as we

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unveiled the satellite's first images

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nasa conducted and participated in a

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series of climate change studies related

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to high tide floods and earth's energy

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imbalance and energy budget

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this animation as part of a global

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response to climate change we

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participated in the u.n climate change

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conference we captured data with a

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specialized instrument on the space

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station to help fight forest fires in

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the western u.s

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we also coordinated with researchers to

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develop dashboards on the spread and

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effects of the covet 19 pandemic

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including tracking any changes to

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worldwide air pollution

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and we launched an online platform

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called open et to help farmers and water

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managers in 17 western u.s states

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accelerate improvements and innovations

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in water management

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2021 was the busiest year for human

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space flight at the international space

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station in a decade it also marked the

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start of the 21st straight year of

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humans living and working in space

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the splashdown of our spacex crew one

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mission marked the completion of the

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first operational commercial crew flight

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to the station and the first nighttime

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splashdown of a u.s crude spacecraft

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our spacex crew 2 mission followed that

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it was the first commercial crew mission

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to fly two international partners and

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spent a record 199 days in space

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and in november nasa's spacex crew 3

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mission arrived at the space station for

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a planned six-month scientific research

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mission

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astronauts and cosmonauts completed 13

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spacewalks outside the space station the

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most in a year since 2010.

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with no slowdown to human space flight

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in sight we introduced 10 new astronaut

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candidates in early december

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we also accepted applications for the

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next class of flight directors and

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announced plans for the agency's first

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two private astronaut missions to the

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international space station

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cargo missions flown to the space

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station by our commercial partners

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delivered more than 33 000 pounds of

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science tools and critical supplies and

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returned thousands of pounds of research

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and equipment to earth

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and we signed agreements with three

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companies to develop early concepts of

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commercial destinations as part of our

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efforts to enable a robust american-led

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we made significant progress in 2021

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preparing for the artemis one integrated

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flight test around the moon next year

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engineers at our kennedy space center

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finished installing and testing

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components and systems for the orion

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spacecraft to make sure it is ready for

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artemis one

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meanwhile teams at our stennis space

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center completed the eight part green

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run test campaign with the space launch

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system or sls rockets core stage

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there was also work in 2021 toward

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future artemis missions to the moon with

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astronauts we delivered a key piece of

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artemis ii flight hardware to florida

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completed the welding of another major

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piece of hardware for the mission

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and conducted a series of water impact

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testing with a test version of orion we

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partnered with spacex to continue

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development of the first commercial

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human lunar lander through artemis we

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planned to land the first woman and

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first person of color on the moon

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working with commercial partners we

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completed the first propulsion system

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ground tests with the power and

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propulsion element for gateway also

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japan became the third nation to support

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development of the lunar outpost

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and the lunar landing site for our viper

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robotic rover was selected a region just

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outside the western edge of nobile

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crater at the moon's south pole

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viper will be delivered to the moon in

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2023 through our commercial lunar

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payload services initiative or eclipse

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part of artemis

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we advanced space technology in 2021

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with new concepts to help drive space

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exploration and benefit life on earth

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our laser communications relay

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demonstration was launched to highlight

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the next era of space communications we

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teamed with the department of energy to

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advance nuclear spacecraft propulsion

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technologies and fission surface power

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concepts to boost future space

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exploration an onboard suite of

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cutting-edge technology helped the

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perseverance rover land safely on mars

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provide its first weather report and

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produce oxygen on the red planet for the

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first time

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and our deep space atomic clock

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concluded a successful two-year mission

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to advance precise time keeping in space

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we continued our aeronautics research

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efforts this year to validate unique

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airframe design technologies for more

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quiet safe and efficient flight on next

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generation aircraft

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we reached several milestones in

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assembly of our x-59 quiet supersonic

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technology aircraft and removed the

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experimental airplane from its external

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construction supports

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meanwhile we completed high voltage

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testing on our all-electric x-57 maxwell

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aircraft

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we conducted wind tunnel testing with a

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full-scale concept x-plane the

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centerpiece of a national partnership

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with industry academia and other

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agencies to achieve net zero emissions

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in aviation by 2050.

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we wrapped up our airspace technology

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demonstration 2 project after six years

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of successful research into reducing

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flight delays streamlining airport

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operations and curbing emissions

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we conducted flight tests with an

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all-electric vertical takeoff and

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landing aircraft to collect data

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critical to our advanced air mobility

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national campaign

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and a wildfire management workshop nasa

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hosted demonstrated how emergency

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responders can fight fires more safely

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and effectively using nasa technology

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we launched our mission equity

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initiative in 2021 as part of a federal

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government effort to support

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historically underserved and

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underrepresented communities

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our headquarters building in washington

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was named after mary w jackson the first

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african-american female engineer at nasa

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she was part of a group of women whose

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work was critical to sending the first

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americans to space

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and students who are deaf blind hearing

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and visually impaired connected with

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astronauts aboard the space station

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during an in-flight event to promote

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there were plenty of opportunities in

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2021 for students to engage in nasa stem

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related activities

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nasa collaborated with future engineers

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to create the artemis moonpod essay

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contest in which nearly 14 000 students

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from every state in the country

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participated

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our mission to mars student challenge

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demonstrated how science math and

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creativity are used to design build

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launch and land a mars mission we

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published first woman the agency's first

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digital interactive graphic novel in

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english and spanish

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student teams designed and launched

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climate remote sensing and space

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exploration experiments on suborbital

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rockets and high altitude balloons

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and the agency awarded funding to

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minority serving institutions to study

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our home planet develop space technology

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and expand participation in science

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technology engineering and math fields

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[Music]

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when all is said and done the underlying

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reason we do what we do from advancing

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space exploration to making

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groundbreaking scientific and technical

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discoveries to monitoring the health of

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our planet to developing innovative

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modes of transportation is to benefit

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you

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those are some of the highlights from

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what nasa did in 2021 for more details

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visit nasa.gov 2021

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thanks for watching please have a safe

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healthy and happy holiday season and we